Study on Effect of Iron Deficiency Anemia on Level of HbA1c in NonDiabetic Patients in Tertiary Care Hospital

Introduction: Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is a type of haemoglobin that becomes glycated when the NH2-terminal valine residue of the β-chain of globin is attached to a sugar molecule. It is a useful marker for determining a patient’s blood sugar control during the past 3 months. However, there are several factors that might cause HbA1c levels to inaccurately appear lower or higher, regardless of actual blood sugar levels. Aims and Objective: To assess the level of HbA1c in iron deficiency anemic non-diabetic patients compared to non-anemic non-diabetic healthy patients in tertiary care Hospital. Material and Methods: Study participants were patients of iron deficiency anemia confirmed with laboratory test who were non-diabetic and another group of non-anemic non-diabetic healthy individuals who visited the Outpatient Department or were admitted in the ward in GMERS medical college, Gandhinagar and given informed consent to take part in study having age between 18 to 59 year and They were not be on any treatment like iron tablet or injection. Routine investigation CBC, S.Ferritin, S.iron, TIBC, Transferrin saturation and HbA1C, FBS, PPBS were done in each study participants. Discussion: In the present study, a total of 200 participants were grouped into two groups – one group with 100 cases diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia and another group comprising of 100 healthy, non-anemic individuals age and gender matched to cases. There was statistically significant difference between the 2 groups with respect to RBC count, Hb, S.Iron, S. Ferritin, TIBC, Transferrin saturation, MCV, MCH and MCHC levels. HbA1C was significant higher in case group as compared to control. Conclusion: In conclusion, iron deficiency anemia can have a considerable impact on the interpretation of HbA1c readings in individuals who do not have diabetes. It is possible for the total haemoglobin concentration is decreased as a result of insufficient iron levels, which can result in HbA1c values that are erroneously elevated.