Clonostachys viticola C. Torcato & A. Alves

Clonostachys viticola C. Torcato & A. Alves, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol, 6 (2020) Basionym. Clonostachys swieteniae R. H. Perera, E. B. G. Jones & K. D. Hyde, Mycosphere 11 (1): 2135 (2020) Description and illustration. Perera et al. 2020 and Torcato et al. 2020. Notes. In the multigene phylogenetic analyses, Clonostachys viticola with C. swieteniae, forms a monophyletic clade in Clonostachys. The taxa in this clade show low genetic differences. Thus, we recommend treating C. viticola and C. swieteniae as conspecific. Clonostachys viticola was established by Torcato et al. (2020) from the root of Vitis vinifera in a terrestrial habitat of Peru (Torcato et al. 2020) and Clonostachys swieteniae was established by Perera et al. (2020) from decaying fruits of Swietenia mahagoni in a terrestrial habitat of Thailand (Perera et al. 2020). Morphologically, C. viticola with C. swieteniae are highly similar, but there are minor differences in phialides (13.1 × 2.1 μm vs 11.4 × 2.6 μm), and conidia (5.6 × 2.9 μm vs 6 × 2.2 μm). Through base pair comparison, the ITS and tef 1 sequence of Clonostachys viticola differs from that of C. swieteniae in 0 / 500 (0 %) and 3 / 406 (0.7 %), respectively. The results indicate that different environments have shaped the morphology (Bhunjun et al. 2022; Hyde et al. 2020 b; Phukhamsakda et al. 2022). Clonostachys viticola was published prior to C. swieteniae. Therefore, we propose C. swieteniae as a synonym of C. viticola.