A Clinical Case Study On HPV: Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, Management and General Public Awareness

Background: Human Orthopneumovirus (HOPV), formerly known as Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), is a significant cause of lower respiratory tract infections, particularly in infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Despite its global prevalence, HOPV often remains underdiagnosed and underestimated in clinical settings. Case Presentation: This case study presents a detailed clinical evaluation of a 6-month-old infant admitted with severe bronchiolitis and respiratory distress. Laboratory and radiological investigations confirmed HOPV infection. A comprehensive clinical approach including supportive therapy, oxygen supplementation, and close monitoring was employed. The patient responded positively to treatment and was discharged with complete recovery after 10 days. Discussion: The case underscores the importance of early diagnosis using rapid antigen detection tests and RT-PCR, especially during peak viral seasons. Although no specific antiviral treatment is currently approved, supportive care remains the cornerstone of management. Preventive strategies, including hand hygiene, avoidance of exposure, and recently approved monoclonal antibodies (e.g., nirsevimab), are essential in reducing disease burden. Conclusion: Heightened clinical awareness, timely diagnosis, and appropriate management of HOPV infections can significantly improve patient outcomes. Public health education and preventive strategies must be strengthened to reduce transmission, especially in high-risk groups.