STRATEGIC APPROACHES IN MARITIME LOGISTICS: TRAMP AND LINER SHIPPING IN GLOBAL TRADE

This paper examines the critical role of maritime logistics in global trade and the strategic approaches in commercial shipping operations and integrated transport. It explores the characteristics of tramp and liner shipping, the integration of sea transport with other transport modes, and the legal and technological developments (such as electronic Bills of Lading) that facilitate global commerce. The study is a literature-based analysis, drawing on recent academic and industry sources to compare operational models and theoretical frameworks in maritime logistics. Maritime transport remains the backbone of international trade, carrying over 80% of global trade volume. Tramp shipping offers flexible, on-demand services through charter contracts, while liner shipping provides scheduled services with standardized contracts. Effective integration via intermodal and multimodal transport systems extends the reach of maritime shipments inland, improving efficiency. Developments such as electronic Bills of Lading (eB/L) are enhancing documentation efficiency and reliability. Understanding these systems’ nuances helps industry stakeholders optimize supply chains, allocate risks and responsibilities, and leverage technology for more resilient and efficient global trade operations.