Euura reticulata

162 Euura reticulata (Holmgren, 1883) Figs 159, 390 Nematus arcticus Thomson, 1871: 134. Lectotype designated below. Synonymy by Lindqvist (1954). Primary homonym of Nematus arcticus Holmgren, 1869 [Euura villosa (Thomson, 1863)]. Nematus reticulatus Holmgren, 1883: 143, pl. 1 fig. 2. Lectotype designated below. Nematus morionellus Holmgren, 1883: 144, pl. 1 fig. 3. Lectotype designated below. Synonymy by Lindqvist (1944a). Nematus mysticus Holmgren, 1883: 145, pl. 1 fig. 7. Lectotype designated below. Synonymy by Lindqvist (1944a). Nematus anceps Holmgren, 1883: 145, pl. 1 fig. 6. Lectotype designated below. Synonymy by Lindqvist (1967a). Nematus occipitalis Holmgren, 1883: 144, pl. 1 fig. 4. Lectotype designated below. Synonymy by Lindqvist (1967a). Nematus picticollis Holmgren, 1883: 147, pl. 1 fig. 13a–b. Syntypes ♀♀ (NHRS), not examined. Type locality: Russia, Novaja Zemlya, Matotschkin Scharr. Synonymy by Lindqvist (1944a). Nematus arcticola Dalla Torre, 1894: 207. Replacement name for Nematus arcticus Thomson, 1871. Pontania popofiana Kincaid, 1900: 353. Syntypes (10 ♀♀, 6 ♂♂) (USNMENT00778201, USNM, http://n 2t.net/ark:/65665/3240d29be-a367-4853-a1ce-76ecf6dfc128), not examined. Type locality: USA, Alaska, East Aleutians, Popof Island. Pontania glinka Kincaid, 1900: 355–356. Lectotype ♀ (USNMENT00778180, USNM, http://n 2t.net/ark:/65665/33b04de0e-ef1d-451c-8c05-35cddd9ef1cc), not examined. Type locality: USA, Alaska, East Aleutians, Popof Island. Pontania forsiusi Enslin, 1915: 354–355. Synonymy by Benson (1961b). Amauronematus arcticola Enslin, 1915: 388–389. Replacement name for Nematus arcticus Thomson, 1871. Secondary homonym of Nematus arcticola Dalla Torre, 1894 [= Euura reticulata (Holmgren, 1883)]. Amauronematus alsius Benson, 1935: 31–33. Synonymy by Benson (1961b). Diagnosis Females vary from mostly black to mostly pale and 4.5–6.5 mm. See discussion under the similar species E. lienterica and E. renei for distinguishing characters. Female 4.5–6.5 mm. Head extensively pale around eyes to nearly black; labrum, clypeus, and supraclypeal area pale; flagellum black to partly pale; thorax nearly completely pale to mostly black; pronotum and tegula completely pale to partly pale; pterostigma brown; metafemur completely pale to mostly brown; metatibia and -tarsi nearly completely pale to extensively brown; abdomen dorsally mostly black, ventrally completely pale to nearly completely black. Mesepisternum usually slightly matt. Middle annuli of saw straight. Lamnium 2.4–2.8 times as long as radix. A small (4.5 mm) and very dark female specimen which has been sequenced is for example ZMUO.041895. Male 4.5–5.5 (6.0?) mm. Body (usually?) nearly completely black. Labrum pale to black; pterostigma brown or dark brown; metafemur nearly completely black; metatibia and -tarsi nearly pale brown to dark brown; sternum 9 extensively pale to black. Type material examined Lectotype Nematus arcticus, here designated SWEDEN • ♀; Dalarna alpina; C.H. Boheman leg.; MZLU, MZLU2017307. Lectotype Nematus reticulatus, here designated RUSSIA – Novaja Zemlya • ♀; Matotschkin Scharr [Matochkin Strait]; 73.3° N, 55.6° E; 1875; NHRS, NHRS-HEVA000006452. Paralectotypes Nematus reticulatus RUSSIA – Novaja Zemlya • 3 ♀♀; Matotschkin Scharr [Matochkin Strait]; 73.3° N, 55.6° E; 1875; NHRS, NHRS-HEVA000006448 to NHRS-HEVA000006450. Notes Heads of the lectotype and paralectotype HEVA000006450 look more like E. lienterica, but the mesepisternum appears slightly matt. The heads of the other two syntypes are missing. Setae of the lancet of the type specimens seem to be somewhat different (particularly: fewer setae on the basalmost annular suture) from sequenced specimens. Lectotype Nematus morionellus, here designated RUSSIA – Novaja Zemlya • ♀; Matotschkin Scharr [Matochkin Strait]; 73.3° N, 55.6° E; 1875; NHRS, NHRS-HEVA000006451. Notes This is a very dark specimen of E. reticulata (lancet; identified as such) or E. lienterica (head) (antenna missing). Lectotype Nematus mysticus, here designated RUSSIA – Novaja Zemlya • ♀; Besimannija bay [Bezimyannaya Bay]; 72.86° N, 53.59° E; 1875; NHRS, NHRS-HEVA000006471 Lectotype Nematus anceps, here designated RUSSIA • ♀; Novaja Zemlya; 1875; NHRS, NHRS-HEVA000006467. Notes Rather dark (e.g., mesepisternum). Lancet looks more like E. reticulata and mesepisternum seems matt, but the head looks more like E. lienterica. Lectotype Nematus occipitalis, here designated RUSSIA • ♀; Novaja Zemlya; 1875; NHRS, NHRS-HEVA000006453. Notes It is not clear whether this specimen belongs to E. reticulata or E. lienterica. Holotype Pontania forsiusi FINLAND – Fjell-Lappland • ♀; Kittilä; 67.7° N, 25.0° E; R. Krogerus leg.; ZSM, GBIF-GISHym3284. Holotype Amauronematus alsius UNITED KINGDOM – Scotland • Cairngorm Mts, Lairig Ghru; 57.09° N, 3.69° W; above 610 m a.s.l.; 10 Jun. 1934; R.B. and J.E. Benson leg.; BMNH, B.M.TYPEHYM.1.640. Host plants We reared and sequenced three larvae, one each on Salix sp., Vaccinium uliginosum, and Betula nana. The larvae are likely offspring of a female (ZMUO.067423) for which these plants were simultaneously offered, although we did not observe the female ovipositing and the larvae were discovered 16 days later. The larvae are probably sisters, because they are genetically almost identical. The three larvae developed slowly, the last one was preserved in alcohol 1.5 months after it was found, but appeared to be still in the feeding stage. Another female (PR.604 VV, not sequenced) oviposited in S. herbacea and S. polaris Wahlenb. Genetics COI Based on 20 specimens, maximum within-species distance is 3.8% and the nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 0.61%, is Euura seriepunctata. Nuclear Based on 16 specimens, maximum within-species distance is 0.48% (0.39% based on haplotypes of individual females). The nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 0.88%, is Euura renei. Distribution and material examined Palaearctic. Specimens studied are from Finland, Norway, Russia, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.