Littorina littorea

Littorina littorea (Linnaeus, 1758) (Fig. 7I 1-I 3, J 1-J 3) Turbo littoreus Linnaeus, 1758: 761. Littorina littorea – Wood 1848: 118, pl. 10, figs 14a-k. — Harmer 1920: 645, pl. 52, figs 1-8. — Van Regteren Altena et al. 1954: 61, fig. 29. — Moerdijk & Janse 2015: 20, figs 1-2. Littorina (Littorina) littorea – Reid 1996: 95, figs 3, 5, 6B, 32-38. non Littorina littorea – Gladenkov et al. 1980 (partim): 65, pl. 13, figs 8-9. non Littorina littorea – Gladenkov et al. 1980 (partim), p. 65, pl. 13, figs 10-11 (that corresponds to Littorina islandica Reid, 1996). MATERIAL AND DIMENSIONS. — Maximum height 25.3 mm (incomplete), width 22.6 mm. RGM.1365202 (100+) leg. AWJ; RGM.1365070 (1), leg. AWJ; RGM.1364984 (37), leg. ACJ; RGM.1365088 (82), leg. AWJ; RGM.1365086 (56), leg. WG; RGM.1364914 (28), WG. SPECIES CHARACTERISATION. — Globular to ellipsoid, thick shell. Short spire with a pointed apex. Juveniles have strong spiral ribs that become obsolete early on the teleoconch. On some specimens the last whorl has at least three brown or red spiral lines. Even though the strength and location of disappearance of spiral ribs is somewhat variable, the overall shape is very distinct. DISTRIBUTION. — Upper Pliocene: NSB, Red Crag, England (Wood 1848; Harmer 1920; Reid 1996). — Lower Pleistocene: NSB, England (Harmer 1920), Netherlands (Van Regteren Altena et al. 1954; Moerdijk & Janse 2015); Atlantic, Iceland (not in Icelandic modern fauna) (Reid 1996), Selsoif, NW France (this paper). — Middle Pleistocene: Channel region England (Preece & Bates 1999). — Upper Pleistocene: NSB, England (Harmer 1920). Recent distribution in the western Atlantic from Newfoundland to Chesapeake Bay in the western Atlantic (Reid 1996), in the eastern Atlantic from the White Sea southwards, occasionally as far as southern Portugal. The lack of fossil occurrences in the western Atlantic allows the possibility that the species was introduced there by e.g., Vikings (Reid 1996).