Critical Analysis of Annex VI of MARPOL: Evaluating the Need for New Restriction Limits to Preserve the Ozone Layer

MAPROL, the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships is an essential instrument that addresses marine pollution, whereas Annex VI focuses specifically on combating and regulating the air pollution that is caused by ocean-going vessels. Annex VI’s strict regulation that governs Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) emissions and mandates using low-sulfur fuel to reduce the ozone-producing pollutants protects human health and environmental degradation. However, despite these efforts, challenges persist because, ocean-going vessels remain significant contributors to air pollution, emitting NOx, Sulfur Oxide (SOx), and other particular matters which directly or indirectly have dangerous and risky impact on human life and the ozone layer as well. This paper critically evaluates the effectiveness of Annex VI of MARPOL in maintaining and preserving the ozone layer by assessing whether the current regulatory framework sufficiently mitigates emissions from ocean-going vessels. Firstly, this study examines the existing provisions under Annex VI, focusing on restrictions related to NOx and SOx emissions and their role in reducing ozone depletion. Secondly, it analyzes the impact of ship emissions on atmospheric pollution, supported by statistical data and case studies. Thirdly, the research identifies gaps and challenges in regulatory enforcement and technological adoption. Finally, based on these findings, the paper proposes amendments to Annex VI, including stricter emission limits and the promotion of green technologies. These recommendations are informed by a comprehensive understanding of the current regulatory framework, emerging challenges, and anticipated trends in ship emissions.