THE CAUSES OF THE DIFFERENCES IN THE APPROACHES OF THE UNITED STATES AND CHINA TOWARD CRITICAL MINERAL RESOURCES ARE INFLUENCED BY GEOPOLITICAL RESOURCE COMPETITION

In the contemporary world, critical mineral resources have become one of the main focal points ofgeopolitical competition among major global powers. These resources, essential for the production ofadvanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, renewable energy infrastructure, and militaryindustries, play a pivotal role in ensuring economic security and strengthening national power. TheUnited States and China, as two key players in this arena, have adopted different approaches: whileChina, with a supply-driven and strategic perspective, seeks to expand its dominance over the globalsupply chain by controlling domestic resources and investing in mines in developing countries, theUnited States follows a demand-driven and security-focused strategy aimed at reducing its dependenceon China by developing domestic resources and securing supplies through strategic alliances.This study,employing a descriptive-analytical method and based on library research, examines this competition andanalyzes its impacts on the global supply chain. The findings reveal that the structural differences in theapproaches of these two countries stem from their strategic objectives and economic needs; China aimsto expand its geopolitical influence through supply control policies and international investments,whereas the United States focuses on securing its supply chain and reducing reliance on foreign actorsto maintain its technological and industrial superiority. Meanwhile, other countries such as Iran, withtheir diverse mineral reserves, can adopt smart policies to leverage this competitive environment fortheir national interests. Investments in advanced technologies, diversification of trade partners, and theuse of economic diplomacy can strengthen Iran’s strategic position in this global competition, enhancingboth economic security and national interests.