Ana Dili Öğretiminde Kullanılan Ders Kitaplarına Yönelik Bir İnceleme: Rusya Ve Türkiye Örneği

In this study, the objective has been to conduct a comparative analysis of the textbooks and instructional materials used in the teaching of the mother tongue in Türkiye and Russia. To this end, textbooks were analyzed in terms of the number of texts they contain, the types of texts, and the selection of authors. Furthermore, the formal and content-related characteristics of the instructional materials were evaluated. The research employed the document analysis method. Textbooks for 5th-grade Russian Language, Russian Literature, and Turkish constituted the data source for the study. In the data collection and analysis phase of the research, a systematic approach was followed for finding appropriate documents, verifying the authenticity of the documents, coding and cataloging, as well as for the data analysis and measurement steps. Data extracted from the relevant documents were processed using the descriptive analysis method. To ensure the validity and reliability of the research, external review, peer review, and multiple coding strategies were utilized. The findings indicate that mother tongue instruction in the 5th grade in Russia is conducted through two subjects, whereas in Türkiye, it is conducted through a single subject. The study also found that more instructional hours are allocated to mother tongue education in Russia, that Russian instructional materials incorporate a greater number of texts, and consequently, students in Russia are exposed to a wider variety of text types and styles from both local and foreign authors. The research findings indicate that in Russia, mother tongue education is supported not only by the Russian Language course but also by the 'Russian Literature' course, with designated instructional hours and teaching materials for both subjects. In contrast, in Türkiye, mother tongue education is conducted solely through the Turkish course and is limited to textbooks and educational materials designed specifically for this subject.