MODERN APPROACHES TO THE PREVENTION OF TUBERCULOSIS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health concern, particularly among children and adolescents, who are more vulnerable to severe disease forms and long-term complications. Modern approaches to TB prevention emphasize early diagnosis, vaccination, chemoprophylaxis, and strengthened public health strategies. The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine remains a cornerstone of pediatric TB prevention, but advancements in diagnostic technologies and the development of new vaccine candidates are enhancing protection. Additionally, targeted screening programs and preventive therapy for high-risk populations are proving effective in reducing TB incidence. This article reviews contemporary preventive strategies, highlights innovative interventions, and underscores the importance of global collaboration in eradicating childhood TB.