A Review on Nasal In-Situ Gels: A Novel Approach for Dry Eye Relief

Dry Eye Disease (DED) is a prevalent ocular disorder characterized by tear film instability, inflammation and ocular surface damage leading to discomfort, vision disturbances and potential complications. Conventional treatments including artificial tears and anti-inflammatory agents, offer only temporary relief and require frequent administration. The nasal route provides direct drug transport to the ocular surface via the nasolacrimal duct bypassing ocular barriers and enhancing bioavailability. In-situ gels, initially in liquid form undergo gelation upon exposure to physiological triggers such as temperature, pH or ionic interactions ensuring prolonged drug retention and controlled release. Polymers like poloxamers, carbopol, and gellan gum play a crucial role in achieving this transformation. This review explores DED pathology, nasal drug delivery mechanisms and in-situ gel advancements, “highlighting their potential to enhance treatment efficacy and patient outcomes” although further research is needed to optimize formulations and ensure long-term safety.