The Closed Surface Principle: A Unified Theory of Mass, Charge, Spin, and Cosmology

This work presents a unified physical theory based on the concept of closed surfaces as the fundamental carriers of mass, charge, spin, and field properties. Rather than treating particles as point-like objects, we model them as finite, oscillating surfaces. In this framework: Mass is defined by the intrinsic oscillation frequency of a closed surface (=h/). Charge arises from curvature asymmetry in the surface pattern. Spin is the result of rotational symmetry in the surface’s oscillation modes. Fields emerge from topological defects or deformations that propagate across space. The theory extends naturally to composite particles as networks of coupled surfaces and describes photons as edge-propagating ripple modes—massless patterns emitted from incomplete surface closures. At the cosmological scale, the universe is described as a dynamic network of evolving closed surfaces. Expansion is interpreted as surface inflation; dark matter is attributed to invisible but structured surface curvature; and dark energy is seen as repulsive surface tension between large-scale structures. This model leads to concrete predictions, including mass quantization patterns, curvature-sensitive interactions, and novel interpretations of cosmic phenomena. It provides a geometric and topological foundation that bridges particle physics, field theory, and cosmology under a single conceptual framework. Author:Tetsuo Konno(今野哲夫)https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1842-7865