A case series of mullerian duct anomalies – Diagnostic Journey

ABSTRACT: Mullerian duct anomalies are rare affecting approximately 1%females with 3% having poor reproductive outcome. These congenital anomalies result due to failure of formation or failure of fusion of the mullerian ducts. According to the American Fertility Society (AFS), the mullerian duct anomalies are classified into seven different categories. Ultrasound is the first imaging investigation in cases of suspected mullerian anomalies while MRI is the key imaging modality of choice due to its capabilities of demonstrating the female genital tract remarkably well and ability to provide the details of intra-uterine anatomy, external fundal contour and its ability of imaging of entire female pelvis into multiple imaging planes. Also, it provides additional information about the other associated anomalies particularly those of urinary system and helps in differentiating other causes of amenorrhea. In this study, we review the key imaging features of anomalies of formation and fusion of mullerian ducts with their classification into different categories based on the imaging features. Keywords: Mullerian duct anomalies (MDAs), Ultrasound (US), Hysterosalpingography (HSG), Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), infertility, amenorrhea, renal agenesis.