Buffer Systems and Amino Acids in Living Organisms

This presentation examines the vital roles of buffer systems and amino acids in maintaining homeostasis and supporting biochemical processes in living organisms. It begins by explaining the chemical nature of buffers, focusing on how they stabilize pH in biological fluids such as blood, cytoplasm, and intracellular compartments. Major buffer systems discussed include the bicarbonate, phosphate, and protein (hemoglobin) buffers, with an emphasis on their physiological importance in pH regulation. The second part of the presentation introduces amino acids, covering their structure, classification, and functions as the building blocks of proteins. It also touches on essential vs. non-essential amino acids, zwitterionic nature, and their role in metabolism, enzyme function, and signaling. Developed for undergraduate students in biotechnology and life sciences, this resource provides foundational knowledge for understanding cellular chemistry, acid–base balance, and molecular biology