Mechanisms for maintaining bank solvency during crisis periods

Relevance of the research topic. The support for the solvency of banks in Ukraine is determinedby the significant role of the banking system in ensuring the financial stability of the country, especiallyin times of economic instability and external challenges. In the current realities, when the Ukrainianeconomy faces the consequences of global crises, geopolitical tensions, and internal macroeconomicrisks, effective regulation of the banking sector is critically important for ensuring the stable developmentof the financial system. The National Bank of Ukraine plays a key role in forming mechanisms forsupervision and liquidity support for banks, which helps strengthen trust in financial institutions andmaintain their solvency. One of the most important tools in this process is bank refinancing, whichallows for a prompt response to short–term liquidity crises and minimizes the risks of systemicinstability. At the same time, strengthening banking supervision and implementing individual capitalstandards in accordance with international standards are necessary steps to enhance the resilienceof the banking system. Thus, research on this topic is not only relevant but also strategically importantfor the further development of Ukraine’s financial system, as it allows for evaluating the effectivenessof existing mechanisms and determining directions for their improvement, taking into account modernchallenges and international experience.The aim of the work is to deepen the theoretical foundations of applying mechanisms to supportthe solvency of Ukrainian banks.Research objectives. To argue the necessity of supporting the solvency of banks during crisesin the context of maintaining the financial stability and security of the banking sector, to identify thereasons for the reduction in the number of banking institutions, and to define the types of stateregulation for ensuring the solvency and financial stability of banks.Research methods. The study applied the following scientific methods: generalization, induction,deduction, systematization, graphical method, tabular method, analysis, synthesis, and expertevaluations.Main research findings. The article justifies the importance of maintaining the solvency of bankinginstitutions in the context of ensuring financial stability and security in the sector. It highlights theissue of the reduction in the number of banking institutions in Ukraine, particularly due to the lossof solvency. The key role in supporting the solvency of banks is assigned to the state regulator – theNational Bank of Ukraine (NBU). The main types of bank refinancing as a mechanism to support theirsolvency are systematized and analyzed. Attention is also given to banking supervision, the risks ofbanking activities, and the adaptation of existing regulatory rules to the requirements of the globalfinancial community.Field of application of the results. Banking system, financial market, monetary policy.