Technical Review of Performance Parameters of Long-Range IoT Protocols

The rapid proliferation of IoT devices has introduced significant challenges in optimizing power consumption and communication efficiency, particularly in energy-constrained environments. LoRa, a widely used Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technology, offers long-range communication with minimal energy usage. However, static configurations often result in suboptimal performance under dynamic network conditions. This paper focuses on analyzing and optimizing the LoRa wireless protocol to enhance energy efficiency without compromising network reliability. Key performance metrics such as latency, packet error rate (PER), scalability, and energy consumption are evaluated. By implementing Adaptive Data Rate (ADR) mechanisms and optimizing protocol parameters, this research aims to extend battery life while maintaining seamless connectivity. The findings contribute to the development of sustainable IoT networks, with applications in smart cities, industrial automation, and environmental monitoring. The proposed optimizations enable intelligent, energy-aware communication strategies, ensuring efficient and scalable IoT deployments.