Factors that Lead to HELLP Syndrome in Preeclampsia

This study reveals the most detailed information about the pathology of preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome. The possibility of generating more information and gathering everything related to the pathology lays the groundwork and theoretical foundations to later contribute a practical model to the scientific community. This literature review focuses on the most prominent aspects of preeclampsia and the factors that contribute to the development of HELLP syndrome in pregnant women. The inclusion criteria considered for this study were that the bibliographic documents examined in databases such as Google Scholar, Scielo, PubMed, and Redalyc were no more than 10 years old from their publication date, written in either English or Spanish, and contained keywords and abstracts with relevant and topic-appropriate information. The theoretical method used was the analysis-synthesis method, which emphasizes its application as a deconstructive approach to the object of study and a reorganizer of the same phenomenon. The inductive-deductive method was employed for the collection of both abstract and concrete information. The results obtained in this study are purely descriptive and reveal extensive information validated by significant bibliographic sources. Preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome represent significant clinical challenges in obstetric care due to their high maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. These conditions highlight the need for thorough monitoring during pregnancy, especially in women with identifiable risk factors. Both entities share a pathophysiology centered on placental dysfunction and systemic endothelial damage. These mechanisms trigger a spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from hypertension and proteinuria to severe complications such as hemolysis.