Cat-scratch Disease: Human Health Concern

Cat bites are increasingly reported in India, posing a significant public health concern. Cats (Felis catus), considered relatives of tigers, can transmit various zoonotic diseases, including Cat-Scratch Disease (CSD), rabies, and tetanus. CSD, caused by Bartonella henselae, is spread through cat bites, scratches, or flea vectors, leading to flu-like symptoms, lymph node swelling, and, in severe cases, systemic complications. Rabies, a fatal viral disease, can also be transmitted through cat bites, necessitating prompt post-exposure prophylaxis. Additionally, Clostridium tetani introduced through deep bites can result in tetanus, leading to muscle stiffness and neurological issues. Cats may bite due to territorial behavior, fear, pain, or irritation from medical conditions like hyperthyroidism or arthritis. Preventive measures include proper flea control, sterilization, secure housing, and timely vaccination. Understanding cat behavior, ensuring proper handling, and educating pet owners can reduce bite incidents. Immediate wound care with soap and water, along with medical intervention, including post-bite rabies and tetanus vaccination, is crucial to preventing complications. Increasing public awareness can help mitigate the risks associated with cat bites.