The Central Italy's 1997-2009-2016 Seismic Sequences: a comparison of surface deformation from a review of DinSAR results.

Between 1997 and 2017, the Central Apennines experienced three seismic sequences—Colfiorito-Gualdo Tadino (1997-1998), L’Aquila (2009), and Amatrice-Visso-Norcia (2016-2017)—which share similar characteristics in terms of fault kinematics and crustal structure. These sequences, driven by extensional tectonics, can be viewed as resulting from the longitudinal propagation of a complex NNW-SSE trending normal fault setting along a distance of about 130 km. These seismic sequences can be interpreted as manifestations of the same geodynamic process, occurring within a relatively short spatial and temporal range in comparable tectonic and geological settings. This repetition creates a natural laboratory where, using similar observation techniques, the impact of these events on the Earth's surface can be quantitatively assessed and analysed. In this study, we review the surface deformation induced by four mainshocks of these sequences using InSAR data from SAR missions.