Analysis of dumpsites and their potential health risks to residents of Jahi District, Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Nigeria

Open uncontrolled solid waste disposal has become prevalent in Nigeria due to economic limitations, inefficient organizational frameworks, inappropriate technology, unplanned development, and insufficient waste management capacity. This improper waste management has led to numerous health problems in the environment. The study aimed to identify the locations of dumpsites within the study area and their proximity to residents. Spatial data was collected using GPS, a camera, Google Earth, and Google Maps, while questionnaires were administered using a random sampling technique. Geospatial techniques were used to determine high-risk areas for health issues. Buffer analysis, using the proximity tool at distances of 30m, 50m, and 70m based on field observations and measurements, revealed that residents living within 30m of dumpsites reported a high presence of disease vectors and the highest incidence of vector-borne diseases such as malaria, diarrhea and dysentery. They also experienced pollution from foul odors and smoke from burning waste. Disease incidences decrease with distance from the dumpsites, with those living 50m away experiencing fewer diseases and those at 70m having the least occurrences. The study concludes that dumpsites in neighborhoods pose significant health risks to the community. It recommends establishing a standard transfer station at a suitable location in the study area and evacuating the existing dumpsites.