THE IMPACT OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE IN VIETNAMESE COMMERCIAL BANK

This study investigates the impact of intellectual capital (IC) on the financial performance (FP) of Vietnamesecommercial banks during the period 2008–2023. IC is measured using the Modified Value Added IntellectualCoefficient (MVAIC), which includes four components: capital employed efficiency (CEE), human capitalefficiency (HCE), structural capital efficiency (SCE), and relational capital efficiency (RCE). Using a balancedpanel dataset of 26 banks, regression models were applied with ROA and ROE as dependent variables. Theresults reveal that MVAIC, CEE, and HCE exert a statistically significant positive effect on FP, whereas SCEhas a negative relationship with ROA. Additionally, the deposit mobilization variable (DEP) negatively affectsFP, while financial autonomy (CAP) and income diversification (DIV) are positively associated with ROA.These findings highlight the strategic role of IC in enhancing banking performance. The study recommends thatbanks adopt a holistic approach in developing IC components—particularly through employee training,knowledge sharing, and structural integration—to achieve sustainable financial improvements. Effective use ofIC is shown to provide competitive advantages and operational efficiency in an increasingly dynamic bankingenvironment.