From Surface to Subsurface: Evaluating Wetlands as Groundwater Recharge and Filtration Systems

Wetlands play a vital role in groundwater recharge and filtration, yet their mechanisms remain poorly understood in the context of subsurface hydrology. This review synthesizes the current body of research, focusing on the physical, chemical, and biological processes that enable wetlands to serve as effective groundwater recharge systems. We explore various methodologies such as hydrological monitoring, vadose zone characterization, hydrochemical and isotopic analysis, and numerical modelling to assess the contribution of wetlands to groundwater systems. Additionally, we identify research gaps and propose future directions for wetland hydrology, emphasizing the need for a holistic, systems-based approach to groundwater management.