Penetration Enhancers Used in Transdermal Drug Delivery System

Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) offer a non-invasive technique to administer therapeutic drugs, although effective drug absorption via the skin is sometimes limited by the barrier function of the stratum corneum. Because natural penetration enhancers are safe and biocompatible, they have become a viable substitute for synthetic chemicals. This review focuses on a number of natural ingredients that improve medication absorption through the skin, such as lecithin, liquorice, bargamot, tulsi, and aloe vera. These enhancers function by altering the lipid structure of the stratum corneum, enhancing solubility and bioavailability of medicines such as NSAIDs, antibiotics, and analgesics. Compared to synthetic enhancers, these natural compounds not only improve drug delivery but also reduce side effects and skin irritation.