Pleural endometriosis: A rare cause of spontaneous haemopneumothorax

The presence of endometrial tissue in airways, pleura and lung parenchyma is called thoracic endometriosis syndrome (TES). It is a rare pathology, and typically consists of catamenial pneumothorax, haemothorax, haemoptysis, and pulmonary nodules. We report a case of a 37-year-old woman with thoracic endometriosis causing catamenial hemopneumothorax. The diagnosis was made on proper history, imaging, thoracoscopic biopsy and immunohistochemistry. The diagnosis of thoracic endometriosis is complicated and often delayed. TES should be suspected in a reproductive age woman with exacerbating symptoms during the menstruation.