A Review: Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) Practices on Growth & Yield Attributes of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plays a pivotal role in global food security, being a primary source of carbohydrates and nutrients for millions of people worldwide. However, the intensive agricultural practices necessary to meet the growing food demand have often led to soil degradation and reduced soil fertility. Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) has emerged as a sustainable approach that combines the use of organic and inorganic fertilizers, along with bio-fertilizers, to enhance crop productivity while maintaining soil health. This review critically examines recent studies on the application of INM practices in wheat cultivation, focusing on their impact on wheat growth and yield. The integration of organic manures, such as farmyard manure and compost, with chemical fertilizers has been shown to improve soil structure, increase microbial activity, and enhance nutrient availability. Moreover, the use of bio-fertilizers, including nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms, has been demonstrated to boost growth and improves plant health. The review highlights the synergistic effects of combining these different nutrient sources, leading to optimized nutrient use efficiency and increased wheat yield and quality. Challenges associated with INM practices, such as the need for precise management and potential variability in results, are also discussed. Overall, this comprehensive review underscores the importance of adopting INM practices to achieve sustainable wheat production.