A REVIEW ON INNOVATIVE AND THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE.

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting older adults, marked by memory loss, cognitive decline, and behavioral changes. As the global population ages, the prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease is increasing, straining healthcare systems and families. While current treatments like cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine) help manage symptoms by improving neurotransmitter function, they do not halt disease progression. Research has shifted towards understanding the molecular mechanisms of Alzheimer’s disease, including amyloid-beta plaque accumulation, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and synaptic dysfunction. Developing early diagnostic tools, such as blood biomarkers and neuroimaging techniques, to facilitate timely intervention, as well as exploring novel therapies targeting amyloid, tau, and neuroinflammation. Gene therapies, neuroprotective strategies, and regenerative medicine are being investigated to address the underlying causes of Alzheimer’s disease. Additionally, advancements in nanotechnology are enabling more precise drug delivery, overcoming challenges like the blood-brain barrier. Personalized medicine, integrating genetic and environmental factors, aims to optimize treatments for individual patients. Non-pharmacological interventions, such as cognitive and behavioral therapies, and lifestyle modifications like exercise, diet, and social engagement, are being explored to improve quality of life. Preventive strategies focusing on cardiovascular health, sleep hygiene, and stress management show promise in reducing Alzheimer’s disease risk. While no cure exists, a multi-faceted approach combining early detection, innovative treatments, and holistic care offers hope for slowing the progression of Alzheimer's disease and enhancing the well-being of affected individuals and their caregivers. Key Words: Alzheimer’s disease, Neurodegeneration, Amyloid-beta, Neuroinflammation, Early diagnosis, personalized medicine.