Gender Mainstreaming in Public Policy: Successes and Shortcomings in India

Gender mainstreaming is a critical strategy for integrating gender perspectives into public policy to achieve gender equality. India has made significant progress in this area through constitutional mandates, policy frameworks, and international commitments such as the Beijing Declaration and Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 5). Key initiatives, including Gender Budgeting, Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP), and the National Policy for Women (2016), have contributed to advancements in education, employment, health, and political representation. However, persistent socio-cultural norms, weak institutional implementation, and economic barriers continue to hinder gender equality. This study examines the successes and shortcomings of gender mainstreaming in Indian public policy, exploring its effectiveness, key policies, implementation challenges, and governance gaps. A comparative analysis with global best practices highlights lessons that India can adopt to enhance gender-responsive policymaking. The paper concludes with policy recommendations, emphasizing institutional accountability, socio-cultural transformation, economic empowerment, and enhanced political representation. Addressing these challenges through a holistic, impact-driven approach can ensure that gender equality is effectively mainstreamed into India’s governance and development agenda