ADVANCEMENTS IN TARGETED THERAPY FOR METASTATIC RENAL CELL CARCINOMA WITH A FOCUS ON TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS IMMUNE CHECKPOINT INHIBITORS AND THEIR COMBINATION STRATEGIES

Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) presents a significant challenge in oncology, necessitating advancements in targeted therapies. This paper examines the role of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in mRCC treatment, focusing on their combination strategies. Recent studies suggest that combining these therapies enhances patient outcomes by targeting multiple oncogenic pathways simultaneously. This review explores clinical trial outcomes from 2023, providing statistical data, survival rates, and adverse effects of these treatments. Future perspectives on optimizing therapy and overcoming resistance mechanisms are also discussed.