"Forging National Identity: Cultural Representations of the Greek Army in Modern History (1821–1949)"

Abstract This manuscript examines the cultural representations of the Greek Army and its role in shaping national identity during the critical period of modern Greek history, from the War of Independence in 1821 to the aftermath of the Greek Civil War in 1949. By analyzing a diverse range of primary sources, including literature, newspapers, propaganda posters, films, military uniforms, and public rituals, this study explores how the army functioned not only as a military institution but also as a powerful symbol of unity, authority, and nationalism. The research is structured around three core themes: the use of propaganda to influence public perception, the evolution of military uniforms and insignia as reflections of shifting ideals of Greek identity, and the role of ceremonies such as parades, funerals, and commemorations in shaping collective memory. Through an interdisciplinary approach, this study situates the Greek Army within broader European and Balkan cultural contexts, highlighting both the unique and universal elements of its representation. It argues that the Greek Army served as a key agent in constructing an “imagined community,” fostering cohesion during periods of war and political instability. By bridging cultural history, military studies, and semiotics, this manuscript contributes to a deeper understanding of the relationship between armed forces and national identity in modern history. Keywords: Greek Army, National Identity, Propaganda, Military Uniforms, Cultural History, Public Rituals