Unmasking Tobacco Dependence & Consumption Patterns: A Comprehensive Analysis of Smoking and Smokeless Tobacco Habits in the Rural Population of Dehgam Taluka, Gujarat, India

Background: The use of smokeless tobacco, which is more common than cigarette smoking in India, especially in rural areas, is a serious public health concern. This study was conducted to investigate the factors associated with tobacco use and nicotine dependency level within the study group. Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Dehgam, Gujarat (Mar 2021-Nov 2022); focused on tobacco use among 1,200 participants, aged 15 years and above. Cluster sampling was used to select a total of 30 villages as a cluster, 40 participants were selected from each cluster. Interviews were conducted using google form, and ethical guidelines were followed. Results: A study of the 1200 participants revealed a prevalence of 12.3% for current smokers, with 69% being daily smokers. Additionally, 29.4% reported current smokeless tobacco use, with 93% engaging in daily consumption. Past tobacco use was reported by 2.6% of the participants. When it comes to smoking, beedis were the preferred choice (67.3%) compared to cigarettes (30.6%). Among smokeless tobacco users, pan masala with tobacco (Mava) held the highest prevalence (74.5%), followed by Miraj (46.7%) and gutkha (42.2%). Our findings show a significant association (p<0.05) between age group and duration of tobacco use and nicotine dependency among smokers and smokeless tobacco users. Conclusions: Despite policy efforts, smokeless tobacco use remains a significant public health issue in India. Smokers’ dependence on nicotine and limited access to quit resources highlight the need for stronger tobacco control policies and improved cessation support.