Retrospective Study of Obstetric and Perinatal Outcome in Twin Pregnancy at Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: The simultaneous development of two fetuses in the uterus is referred to as twin pregnancy. Such pregnancies carry an increased risk for both the mother and the newborn, and this risk grows with the number of gestations. During the study period, the incidence of twin pregnancies at G.G. Hospital, Jamnagar, was 2%. The rising prevalence of multifetal births is concerning, as it correlates with a higher rate of preterm births, compromising neonatal survival and increasing the likelihood of lifelong disabilities. Material and Methods: A descriptive retrospective analysis was conducted on 108 twin pregnancies at our hospital between July 2023 and April 2024. The study evaluated adverse antenatal outcomes, delivery methods, and maternal and perinatal outcomes. Results: In our study, 66% of the patients were between 21 and 29 years of age. Among the cases, 34% were booked and attended regular antenatal clinics. Most of the patients (80%) with twin pregnancies were primigravida. The most common obstetric complication was preterm labor (64.28%). Intrauterine death occurred in 1% of cases, while 24% experienced intrauterine growth retardation, as detected during antenatal follow-ups. Of the 108 patients, 52% delivered vaginally, while 48% required Caesarean sections, with malpresentation being the leading indication for Caesarean delivery (50%). Conclusions: The risk of complications is higher in twin pregnancies compared to singleton pregnancies. Early diagnosis, close monitoring of fetal well-being, the use of corticosteroids and tocolytics, regular antenatal checkups, adequate rest, and delivery in an institution with Level 3 neonatal care facilities are essential to improve maternal and perinatal outcomes. Encouraging proper nutrition and breastfeeding can further prevent health issues in newborns.