A Brief Review on Nanomedicine Used for Targeted Drug Delivery

Nanomedicine has emerged as a transformative strategy for drug delivery, characterized by its ability to precisely target affected areas, enhance drug availability in the body, and decrease overall toxicity. The use of nanocarriers, including liposomes, dendrimers, polymeric nanoparticles, and lipid-based nanostructures, allows for the direct administration of pharmaceuticals to diseased tissues, thereby reducing adverse effects and improving therapeutic effectiveness. In contrast, active targeting enhances the delivery process by equipping nanoparticles with specific ligands, such as antibodies, peptides, or aptamers, which selectively bind to receptors that are overexpressed on cancerous cells, thereby facilitating accurate drug localization. The scope of nanomedicine encompasses various fields such as oncology, neurology, infectious diseases, and gene therapy, indicating its ability to transform contemporary medical practices.