SIGMUND FREUD AND THE FOUNDATIONS OF MODERN PSYCHOLOGY: REVISITING HIS THEORIES AND LEGACY

Sigmund Freud, often regarded as the father of psychoanalysis, introduced revolutionary ideas about the unconscious mind, personality structure, defense mechanisms, and dream interpretation. This paper revisits Freud’s key theories and evaluates their influence on modern psychology. While his work laid the foundation for depth psychology and therapeutic practices, it has also faced criticism for its lack of empirical support and cultural bias. Through a review of primary and secondary literature, this study highlights both the contributions and controversies surrounding Freud's legacy. Despite evolving scientific standards, Freud’s impact on psychological theory and practice remains significant.