Evaluation of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase, creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia/ prostate cancer in NAUTH, Nnewi, Nigeria

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), also called prostate enlargement, is a noncancerous increase in size of the prostate gland while prostate cancer (PCa) is malignant tumor of the prostate, the gland that produces some of the components of semen. Urine N-acetyl–β-D-glucosaminidase (uNAG), urine creatinine (uCr), serum creatinine (sCr), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and ratio of uNAG to uCr (uNAG/uCr) in BPH/PCa were assessed with height, weight and BMI. This cross-sectional study recruited 120 men using convenient sampling technique which comprised 40 BPH, 40 PCa and 40 apparently healthy age matched control individuals attending urology clinic of NAUTH, Nnewi, Anambra State. Five (5) milliliters of blood/ urine samples were collected from the patients and the necessary data were obtained from clinical records of the patients. The weight (kg) and height (m) were measured using standard beam balance scale and a stadiometer respectively and the BMI calculated. uNAG (u/l) was estimated by enzyme immunoassay technique, creatinine was determined spectrophotometrically using Jaffe slot alkaline picrate method while eGFR was calculated using an online calculator for the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula for Adults. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 21.0. The results were presented as median. Kruskal Wallis was used to determine significant differences between the mean values. The results showed significantly higher median values of uNAG and uNAG/uCr in patients with BPH/PCa when compared with the control. Despite the significant increase in uNAG and uNAG/uCr in this study, serum creatinine, urine creatinine and eGFR remained normal. The increase in uNAG in patients with BPH/PCa is an indication of early renal impairment.