Evaluation of HbA1c, C-peptide and Rf in DM patients related to COVID-19, ABO group and BMI in Babylon, Iraq

Background: A total of 30(100%) cases of diabetes mellitus DM were collected from a private laboratory during the period from October 2023 to February 2024, compared with 30 control to evaluate several parameters in a case-control study. The demographic information of sex distribution for DM cases appear 16(53%) male and 14(47%) and the mean±SD of the age was 45.6±14.7 compared to the control 33.6±10.5 which reveals a significant at P = 0.0006. The mean±SD of the BMI was 29±6.4 in DM cases compared to the control 25.8±3.4 which reveals a significant difference at P = 0.0187. Distribution of DM types appears in 16(53%), and 14(47%) cases of DM type 1 and 2 respectively with no significant difference between the two study groups. The mean±SD of HbA1c Level with DM Patients and was 9.2±2.8 compared to the control 5.6±0.9 which appeared a significant at P = 0.0002. Methods: Evaluation of C-peptide Level appears the mean±SD of the C-peptide for DM cases was 5.7±4.5 compared to the control 3.3±2.4. this case-control study appeared a significant difference at P = 0.0125. RBS Level mean±SD of DM cases was 275.7±121.5 compared to the control 103.7±16.6. this case-control study appeared significant at P = 0.0001. The distribution of DM cases in blood groups O+, A+, B+, AB+, AB-, and O- was 10(33.3%), 8(26.7%), 5(16.7%), 3(10%), 3(10%), 1(3.3%), respectively. Results: All the cases in the present study show negative results for rheumatoid factor and there is no correlation between RF and DM. 2(7%) DM cases have a cardiac problem while the other 28(93%) don’t suffer from any cardiac problem. Relationship between COVID-19 and DM Type-1 Patients appears 15(50%) have positive COVID-19, 12(40%) has DM type 1 and 3(10%) has DM type-2. Conclusion: The study was concluded an appositive relationship between age, HbA1c, C-peptide, RBS, O+ and A+ blood groups and developments of diabetes mellitus.