The Efficacy of Apple Cider Vinegar in Treating Acne Vulgaris: Review of Literature

Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the hair follicle, sebaceous gland, and surrounding structures. It primarily occurs in adolescents but can persist into adulthood, impacting around 650 million people globally. Acne is influenced by genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors, with Propionibacterium acnes playing a key role in its development by promoting keratinocyte hyperproliferation, excessive sebum production, and inflammation. Apple cider vinegar (ACV), made from fermented apple juice, has gained popularity as a potential natural acne treatment due to its acetic acid content, which has antimicrobial properties against acne- causing bacteria like P. acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pyogenes. ACV also helps maintain skin pH balance and contains alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs), which can exfoliate the skin, potentially reducing blocked pores and preventing acne. Despite its potential benefits, ACV carries risks, such as skin irritation, chemical burns, and allergic dermatitis, especially when used undiluted. It is important to dilute ACV and perform patch tests to check for skin sensitivity. While initial studies and anecdotal evidence support its antimicrobial effects, further clinical research is needed to establish its long-term safety and effectiveness.