PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND HISTOLOGICAL REFUTATION OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE

The clinical diagnosis of PD is based primarily on motor features, such as a slowly progressive asymmetric resting tremor, cogwheel rigidity and bradykinesia, although non-motor features, which include anosmia, constipation, depression and REM sleep behavior disorder, can develop years before motor deficits. During later stages of the disease, additional non-motor features, such as autonomic dysfunction, pain and cognitive decline, can appear.