Fuzzy Delphi Method: Usability Evaluation of an Imaginative Activity-Based Model to Enhance Innovation among Chinese Medical Students

This study applies the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) as a rigorous approach to evaluate the usability of an imaginative activity-based model aimed at enhancing innovation among Chinese medical students. Grounded in Design and Development Research (DDR), the model underwent a three-phase process: needs analysis, design and development, and usability evaluation. This paper focuses solely on the third phase, in which FDM was employed to systematically assess expert consensus across five usability components: learnability, efficiency, memorability, error-proneness, and user-friendliness. Fifty expert respondents were purposively selected based on their experience in innovation education and curriculum design. Data analysis followed standard FDM protocols, including the computation of threshold values (d), percentage of agreement, and fuzzy score values (A). The findings reveal strong expert consensus on all components, validating the model’s effectiveness and practical relevance. The study affirms the usefulness of FDM as a methodological tool in educational research and offers a structured framework for evaluating imaginative pedagogical models in higher education.