Traditional Indian Economic Thought and Sustainable Development

Abstract: India has embraced the principle of sustainable development for centuries. Traditional Indian economic thought, as reflected in Kautilya’s Arthashastra and Thiruvalluvar’s Thirukkural has profound resemblance to the concept of sustainability, which is the concern of the modern world economies. The Arthashastra lays out a structured approach to economic stability, emphasizing agriculture, fair taxation, trade policies, and wealth distribution. On the other hand, the Thirukkural offers a more ethical and moral perspective on sustainability. It highlights the importance of righteous wealth creation, just governance, and agricultural self-sufficiency. By comparing these texts to the current economic sustainability models, this study explores how ancient Indian thoughts can provide valuable lessons for modern-day governance, economic policies, and environmental conservation. Ultimately, these texts remind us that sustainability is not just a strategy—it is a way of life deeply rooted in ethical and responsible living.