Isoplectron armatum subsp. armatum Hutton 1896

Isoplectron armatum armatum Hutton, 1896 Figs 3–4, 8, 10A, 11A–B, 12A, 13A, 14A–C, 17A–C, 21A–C Isoplectron armatum Hutton, 1896: 237–238, pl. XIII fig. 18–18b. Isoplectron calcaratum Hutton, 1896: 238, pl. XIII fig. 19, 19b. Syn. nov. Setascutum ohauensis Richards, 1972: 163–165, fig. 5.1–5.6. Syn. nov. Isoplectron armatum – Karny 1937: 230. –– Johns & Cook 2013: 17. Isoplectron calcaratum – Karny 1937: 230. –– Johns 1977: 316, 318. Isoplectron aciculatum – Bowie et al. 2006: 263–264, 267. Diagnosis A small to medium-sized rhaphidophorid with a body length between 9 and 14 mm, the hind tibiae about the same length as the body in males, approx. 10% shorter in females. The most typical coloration is a mottled dark brown that blends in well with the bark of many New Zealand native trees, with pale spots on the mesonotum and/or the metanotum (Figs 12A, 21A), or on the first tergite. Colour morphs with a pale diamond on the back (Fig. 21B) or a pale longitudinal band (Fig. 21C) are also commonly encountered. The most characteristic trait of this species is a very conspicuous, weakly curved spine on the retrolateral inferior edge of the hind femur in adult males (Fig. 4A–C). Isoplectron armatum armatum can only be differentiated from the other subspecies, I. armatum aciculatum, by examination of the adult male terminalia. The two subspecies, however, are allopatric, I. a. armatum being confined to New Zealand’s South Island, whereas I. a. aciculatum is only found in New Zealand’s North Island. Isoplectron a. armatum can easily be confused with I. pallidum in Otago, where the two species are sympatric. Isoplectron pallidum, however, always has first and second hind tarsal segments armed with dorsal linear spines, whereas I. armatum always has first and second hind tarsal segments unarmed above. Adults of the species I. ferratum sp. nov. and nymphs of I. bicolor sp. nov. are also morphologically very similar to I. a. armatum. These two species, however, are only found in the north-west of New Zealand’s South Island, outside of the distribution range of I. armatum (compare Fig. 10A, C, E). Etymology ' Armātus ’ (adj.) is Latin for ‘armed’ – with a very conspicuous spine on the retrolateral inferior edge of the hind femur in adult males. Material examined (see also Supp. file 1: Table S1 and Figs S2–S 5) Holotype NEW ZEALAND • ♂, adult; Dunedin (DN), Dunedin; 45.9° S, 170.5° E; 1896 or earlier; F.W. Hutton leg.; CMNZ 2021.17.3. Other material NEW ZEALAND – Southland (SL) • 1 ♂; Kāmahi Reserve, Edendale; 46.32143° S, 168.73513° E; 60 m a.s.l.; 13 Nov. 2016; D. Hegg leg.; on tree trunk in native forest; night search + insect net; GenBank: PP155178; MPN CW3447. – Fiordland (FD) • 1 nymph; Eglinton River mouth; 45.16355° S, 167.82449° E; 200 m a.s.l.; 24 Dec. 2018; D. Hegg leg.; on tree trunk in native forest; casual find; MPN CW4283. – Dunedin (DN) • 1 ♀; Brockville, Dunedin; 45.8705° S, 170.4615° E; 250 m a.s.l.; 21 Jun. 1998; S. Trewick leg.; on footpath; casual find; MPN CW168 • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 13 Apr. 2007; B. Trewick leg.; inside house; casual find; MPN CW1920 • 1 ♂; Frasers Gully, Dunedin; 45.861° S, 170.461° E; 200 m a.s.l.; 17 Apr. 2017; S. Trewick and M. Morgan-Richards leg.; MPN CW3470 • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; MPN CW3471 • 1 ♀; Ōpoho, Dunedin; 45.85431° S, 170.53385° E; 130 m a.s.l.; 30 Nov. 2016; D. Hegg leg.; on tree trunk in garden; night search + insect net; GenBank: PP155176; MPN CW3449 • 2 ♂♂; Duncan Rd, near Hampden; 45.36689° S, 170.72316° E; 460 m a.s.l.; 1 Oct. 2016; M. Morgan-Richards leg.; on clay bank; MPN CW3128, CW3130 • 1 nymph; same data as for preceding; MPN CW3127 • 1 ♂; Staircase Hut track, Waianakarua; 45.28210° S, 170.69724° E; 420 m a.s.l.; 3 Sep. 2016; D. Hegg leg.; on tree trunk in native forest; night search + insect net; MPN CW3159 • 5 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; MPN CW3161, CW3165, CW3166, CW3168, CW4923 • 1 nymph; same data as for preceding; MPN CW3167. – Central Otago (CO) • 3 nymphs; Wye Creek; 45.1384° S, 168.7623° E; 400 m a.s.l.; Nov. 2009; M. McDonald leg.; in native forest; night search; MPN CW1027, CW1029, CW1030 • 1 ♀; Piano Flat, Waikaia Forest; 45.55472° S, 169.02195° E; 220 m a.s.l.; 5 Mar. 2020; D. Hegg leg.; on tree trunk in native forest; night search + insect net; MPN CW4962 • 1 nymph; Nokomai River; 45.5148° S, 168.7091° E; 300 m a.s.l.; 12 Nov. 2022; D. Hegg leg.; on willow tree next to river; night search + insect net; GenBank: PP155185; MPN CW5565. – Otago Lakes (OL) • 1 spec. (hind leg only); Lake Dispute, Wakatipu; 45.050° S, 168.544° E; 450 m a.s.l.; Nov. 2004; P. Johns leg.; GenBank: PP155182; MPN CW192 • 2 specs (hind legs only); same data as for preceding; MPN CW193, CW194 • 2 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; M. Francis leg.; MPN CW251, CW252 • 4 nymphs; Sam Summers Walking Track; 45.0540° S, 168.5305° E; 450 m a.s.l.; Nov. 2009; M. McDonald leg.; in native forest; night search; MPN CW1024, CW1025, CW1031, CW1032 • 1 ♂; Bush Creek Track, Arrowtown; 44.9365° S, 168.8189° E; 400 m a.s.l.; Nov. 2009; M. McDonald leg.; in native forest; night search; MPN CW1033 • 1 nymph; Te Kere Haka Track, Kingston; 45.3247° S, 168.7157° E; 300 m a.s.l.; Nov. 2009; M. McDonald leg.; in native forest; night search; MPN CW1034 • 2 nymphs; Lake Sylvan; 44.7219° S, 168.3151° E; 400 m a.s.l.; Nov. 2009; M. McDonald leg.; in native forest; night search; MPN CW1026, CW1028 • 2 ♂♂; OBHS Lodge, Matukituki River; 44.49654° S, 168.77397° E; 400 m a.s.l.; 5 May 2017; D. Hegg leg.; on tree trunk in native forest; night search + insect net; MPN CW4932, CW4933 • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; MPN CW4949 • 3 nymphs; same data as for preceding; MPN CW3444 to CW3446 • 1 ♀; Aspiring Hut track, Matukituki River; 44.50131° S, 168.68372° E; 400 m a.s.l.; 5 May 2017; D. Hegg leg.; on large rock; night search + insect net; MPN CW3771 • 1 ♂; Aspiring Hut, Matukituki River; 44.47580° S, 168.65914° E; 460 m a.s.l.; 6 May 2017; D. Hegg leg.; on beech tree branch; night search + insect net; GenBank: PP155181; MPN CW3454 • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; MPN CW3999 • 3 ♀♀; South Mavora Lake; 45.31441° S, 168.17702° E; 630 m a.s.l.; 14 Mar. 2018; D. Hegg leg.; on tree trunk in native forest; night search + insect net; CW3802, CW4927, CW4928 • 2 ♀♀; South Mavora Lake; 45.29922° S, 168.17931° E; 630 m a.s.l.; 25 Jun. 2020; D. Hegg leg.; on tree trunk in native forest; night search + insect net; MPN CW4929, CW4930 • 1 nymph; Muddy Creek, Rees River; 44.69636° S, 168.46955° E; 520 m a.s.l.; 6 Sep. 2018; D. Hegg leg.; on tree trunk in native forest; night search + insect net; MPN CW4083. – Mackenzie (MK) • 1 ♂, holotype of Setascutum ohauensis; Lake Ōhau; 44.2° S, 169.8° E; 500 m a.s.l.; May 1958; OUSSA Otago University Science Students Association leg.; OMNZ IV7928 • 1 ♀, allotype of Setascutum ohauensis; same data as for preceding; OMNZ IV7929 • 1 ♂; Parsons Bush, Lake Ōhau; 44.24971° S, 169.81942° E; 540 m a.s.l.; 14 May 2017; D. Hegg leg.; on tree trunk in native forest; night search + insect net; GenBank: PP155184; MPN CW3506 • 6 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; MPN CW3503 to CW3505, CW5123 to CW5125 • 5 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; MPN CW3507, CW3508, CW5120 to CW5122 • 1 ♂; Governors Bush, Mt Cook Village; 43.73758° S, 170.09640° E; 750 m a.s.l.; 20 Oct 2017; D. Hegg leg.; on twig in native forest; night search + insect net; GenBank: PP155177; MPN CW3617 • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; GenBank: PP155180; MPN CW3705 • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; CW4960 • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 15 May 2018; D. Hegg leg.; MPN CW4961. – South Canterbury (SC) • 1 ♂; Raincliff Reserve, Ōpihi River; 44.16157° S, 170.99234° E; 150 m a.s.l.; 2 Jul. 2016; D. Hegg leg.; on Griselinia littoralis tree trunk; night search + insect net; GenBank: PP155175; MPN CW3112 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; MPN CW3113, CW3114 • 1 ♂; Pioneer Park, Ōpihi River; 44.14562° S, 170.95329° E; 240 m a.s.l.; 27 Nov. 2022; D. Hegg leg.; on tree trunk in native forest; night search + insect net; MPN CW5554 • 4 ♂♂; Otaio Gorge; 44.52335° S, 170.92860° E; 330 m a.s.l.; 18 Mar. 2018; D. Hegg leg.; on tree trunk in native forest; night search + insect net; MPN CW5116 to 5119 • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; MPN CW5114, CW5115 • 1 nymph; same data as for preceding; MPN CW3938 • 2 ♂♂; Peel Forest; 43.89631° S, 171.23491° E; 460 m a.s.l.; 2 Oct. 2020; D. Hegg leg.; on tree trunk in native forest; night search + insect net; MPN CW4965, CW4966 • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; MPN CW4964, CW4967 • 5 ♂♂; Peel Forest; 43.899° S, 171.238° E; 400 m a.s.l.; 24 Feb. 2022; S. Trewick, M. Morgan-Richards and T. Trewick leg.; MPN CW5417, CW5418, CW5421, CW5422, CW5424 • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; MPN CW5419, CW5423 • 1 nymph; same data as for preceding; MPN CW5420. – Mid Canterbury (MC) • 1 ♀; Cass Station; 43.033° S, 171.762° E; 600 m a.s.l.; 26 Feb. 2006; J. Whitfield leg.; GenBank: PP155172; MPN CW325 • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; MPN CW326 • 1 ♀, 1 nymph; Wainui, Banks Peninsula; 43.817° S, 172.903° E; 20 m a.s.l.; 30 Nov. 2012; B. Taylor-Smith and M. Morgan-Richards leg.; night search; GenBank: PP155173, PP155174; MPN CW2135, CW2195 • 1 ♀; Hinewai Reserve, Banks Peninsula; 43.81489° S, 173.02740° E; 300 m a.s.l.; 22 Sep. 2018; D. Hegg leg.; on tree branch in native forest; night search + insect net; MPN CW4924 • 1 ♂; Hamilton Hut, Harper River; 43.12903° S, 171.62762° E; 800 m a.s.l.; 12 Sep. 2020; D. Hegg leg.; on tree trunk in native forest; night search + insect net; MPN CW4963. – North Canterbury (NC) • 1 ♀, holotype of I. calcaratum; Eyreton, Canterbury; 43.4° S, 172.5° E; 50 m a.s.l.; 1896 or earlier; F.W. Hutton leg.; CMNZ 2021.17.6 • 2 ♀♀; Tiromoana Bush Walk, Waipara; 43.09185° S, 172.85077° E; 220 m a.s.l.; 27 Sep. 2018; D. Hegg leg.; on clay bank on side of track; night search + insect net; MPN CW4925, CW4926 • 1 ♀; Tweedies Gully, Gore Bay; 42.86225° S, 173.30737° E; 20 m a.s.l.;