Study of Fetomaternal Outcome in Pregnancy with Placenta Previa

Background and Aim: Placenta previa significantly raises the risks for both mother and fetus, primarily due to the increased chances of severe antepartum and postpartum haemorrhage in the mother. It happens because the lower uterine segment does not contract effectively post-delivery. Objectives of the studies were: To estimate proportion of placenta previa at our institute, to evaluate demography, clinical risk factors for placenta previa. to study the clinical presentation, types, management and complications of placenta previa and to evaluate maternal & fetal outcome in patients of placenta previa. Material and Methods: Present study includes total 52 patients with Placenta Previa admitted in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology at tertiary care institute of Gujarat, India. Women’s detailed history, gestational age, per abdominal examination, per speculum examination, all routine investigations and USG findings recorded in a predesigned proforma. The women enrolled for the study were observed and maternal and fetal outcome were noted. Results: It was found that 32.7% of cases of placenta previa were associated with history of previous caesarean section and 17.3% of cases were associated with history of abortion. Majority 47(90.38%) of patients were reported with cephalic presentation. While, amongst the mal-presentation breech (7.7%) was the most. APH and PPH were major complications and were reported in 22 (42.3%) and 24 (46.15%) patients respectively. Maternal mortality occurred in 2 (3.84%) cases. There were 48(92.31%) live births and neonatal mortality occurred in 4 (7.69%) cases. Conclusion: Placenta previa is life-threatening complications of pregnancy. In placenta previa, APH occurs from placental site, which is located in lower uterine segment. Regular antenatal care helps to detect placenta previa by ultrasound earlier in pregnancy, which is key to prevent the complications of placenta previa.