INVESTIGATORY ANALYSIS OF ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF A MULTI-TENANT MOBILE COMMUNICATION BASE STATION

Energy consumption in mobile communication base stations (BTS) significantly impacts operational costs and the environmental footprint of mobile networks. This study examines the energy requirements of a multi-tenant BTS, focusing on power consumption patterns, key energy-intensive components, and optimization strategies. Empirical measurements under varying load conditions revealed that power consumption is network load-dependent and time-dependent, with peak demand occurring between 9:30 AM – 2:30 PM and 7:30 PM – 11:30 PM. The multi-tenant BTS required approximately 7.67 kW, compared to 2.5 kW for a single-tenant BTS. Additionally, the annual cost of diesel for generator power was estimated at ₦17,712,000, emphasizing the financial strain of conventional energy sources. A standalone solar power system is recommended as a sustainable alternative, designed to meet the identified power demands. A multi-tenant BTS model is also presented as a test-bed for designing and simulating a suitable solar power system. Power amplifiers and cooling systems were identified as the most energy-intensive components. Implementing dynamic load management and renewable energy solutions can significantly reduce energy demand, enhance efficiency, and lower operational costs. This study offers practical recommendations for optimizing energy use in multi-tenant BTS operations, supporting cost-effective, reliable, and sustainable mobile network infrastructure