GASTRITS: ETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT

Gastritis refers to the inflammation of the gastric mucosa and is often used to describe the abnormal appearance of abnormal gastric mucosa on endoscopy or radiology. Gastritis encompasses infectious or immunological inflammation of the gastric mucosa and the host's response. Histopathological evidence of inflammation in the stomach lining is essential to diagnose this condition. Gastropathy is characterized as a gastric mucosal disorder without inflammation, often featuring epithelial injury and subsequent regeneration. Gastritis and gastropathy are not mutually exclusive conditions and might sometimes coexist. In clinical practice, gastritis may be accompanied by signs of mucosal injury, whereas gastropathy may show some evidence of an inflammatory reaction in the gastric mucosa. Gastritis can be classified based on the acuity of the condition (acute versus chronic), the histological features of the inflammation, or its etiology. Although there is no universally accepted categorization and classification of gastritis, it is crucial to understand the histological characteristics and etiological factors associated with the different types of gastritis to comprehend their presentation and classification. Appropriate histological evaluation is also essential in devising management plans for this disease. This review discusses the histological and morphological presentations of gastritis, assesses their prognostic significance, and outlines the guideline-recommended management approaches for these conditions. The primary objective of this topic is to improve patient outcomes by enhancing the competence of healthcare providers.