Reduced Cardiovascular Changes to Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation with Intravenous Esmolol

Introduction: Modern anesthesia techniques such as laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation can temporarily elevate hemodynamic parameters such as blood pressure and heart rate in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular or neurological problems by inducing sympathetic activity. Aim: The purpose of this study is to determine the reduced cardiovascular changes to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation with intravenous Esmolol. Materials & Methods: Following approval from the hospital ethical committee and the acquisition of written informed consent from patients, the study included 50 patients with ASA I/II physical status scheduled for surgical procedures. Patients were divided into two groups. Group A (control) received 10 ml of 0.9% normal saline, while group B received 1mg/kg of esmolol intravenously over a period of 2 minutes prior to induction. Patients were monitored using pulse oximetry, NIBP, and ECG. Results: The study analyzed the effects of esmolol on heart rate and blood pressure in different groups. The control group A experienced a significant increase in heart rate from laryngoscopy and intubation up to 5 minutes post-intubation, while the B group experienced a decrease before and an increase post-intubation. Systolic blood pressure rose during laryngoscopy and intubation, with significant increases observed at 1, 3, and 5 minutes. Systolic blood pressure decreased in group B, while diastolic blood pressure increased significantly during laryngoscopy and intubation. No discernible changes were observed in systolic blood pressure. Conclusion: Esmolol, given two minutes prior to induction, significantly mitigates cardiovascular responses associated with laryngoscopy and intubation.