Comparative Analysis of Orthogonal and Oblique Cutting Operations in Machining: Performance, Efficiency, and Surface Quality

Machining operations involve various cutting techniques, among which orthogonal and oblique cutting play significant roles in material removal processes. Orthogonal cutting is characterized by a perpendicular cutting-edge orientation, leading to simplified force analysis and chip formation, whereas oblique cutting involves an inclined cutting edge, resulting in complex force dynamics and improved surface finish. This study explores the fundamental differences between these two cutting methods, analyzing their effects on tool wear, cutting forces, chip morphology, and thermal characteristics. Experimental trials and numerical simulations are conducted to assess the performance of each cutting technique under varying conditions. The results indicate that orthogonal cutting provides better predictability in force distribution, while oblique cutting enhances surface quality and tool life due to a gradual chip formation process. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of machining optimization, aiding industries in selecting suitable cutting techniques for improved manufacturing efficiency.