Comparative Study on Bolted Riveted and Welded Connections-A Review

Structural connections are crucial to the integrity, safety, and performance of steel frameworks. This review compares the three main connection types bolted, riveted, and welded in terms of strength, behavior, failure modes, fabrication, inspection, and cost. It traces the evolution from traditional riveted joints to the widespread use of bolted and welded connections today. Drawing from experimental studies, numerical models, and code provisions, the paper analyzes their performance under static and dynamic loads. It also highlights factors influencing connection choices and outlines current challenges and future research directions, offering practical insights for engineers and designers.