Role of Giberellic Acid (GA3) in Seed Germination and Early Seedling Development in Some Field Crops: A Review

Seed development and germination are of significant importance in life cycle of both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous seeds. Germination begins with the absorption of water by a dormant seed, and a radicle emerges from the seed coat. The distribution of germination is influenced by environmental factors that regulate dormancy and germination potential, as well as the genetic characteristics of the plant. Abcisic acid (ABA) and gibberellins (GAs) are considered phyto-hormones that regulate and seed dormancy inversely. Uniformity in germination and initial growth are the functions of seeds, which are mainly affected by excessive fertilizer use of fertilizers, wrong cultural practices soil quality. Various seed coating methods, including GA, have been used to reduce salinity and drought in field crops. Many studies establish that GA3 doses positively affect plant growth and development under various stress factors. This study is expected to summarize GA3 studies and serve as an example for future research.