Trypanosomiasis: a haemoprotozoan disease

Trypanosomiasis, or Surra, is a vector-borne disease caused by Trypanosoma evansi, affecting various domestic and wild mammals, including buffaloes. In India, Surra is endemic, particularly impacting livestock such as buffaloes and cattle. The disease is transmitted primarily by biting flies like Tabanus and Stomoxys species, and occasionally through contaminated instruments. Clinical manifestations include high fever, anemia, weight loss, nervous signs, and reduced productivity. Diagnosis is confirmed through blood smear examination, Card Agglutination Test for Trypanosomiasis (CATT), and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assays. Treatment involves antiprotozoal medications like diminazene aceturate and supportive care. Early detection and prompt treatment are crucial to prevent severe outcomes and economic losses in affected regions.