Psychological Resilience and Mental Health in Female Fitness Participants: A Narrative Review Bridging Sport Psychology and Clinical Perspectives

This narrative review explores the intersection between psychological resilience and mental health in women fitness participants, aiming to bridge the theoretical foundations of sport psychology with the practical applications of clinical psychology. While fitness participation is broadly associated with improved psychological well-being, including reduced symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress, it also presents significant mental health risks. Women often face conflicting pressures within the fitness culture. Balancing empowerment and self-expression with societal expectations related to appearance, discipline and performance. Drawing on a synthesis of literature from sport psychology, mental health and gender studies, this review identifies three key thematic areas. First, empowerment through self-discipline and identity development. Second, psychological risks related to body image dissatisfaction, perfectionism and burnout. Third, the influence of social support systems and opportunities for integrating mental health frameworks within fitness environments. These themes underscore the dual nature of fitness culture and emphasise the significance of context, internal motivation, and emotional safety in shaping psychological outcomes. The review highlighted the critical need for interdisciplinary collaboration among fitness professionals, psychologists, and lawmakers. By integrating trauma-informed coaching, mental health literacy, and inclusive programming, fitness environments can evolve into spaces that promote emotional resilience, psychological growth, and holistic well-being. Ultimately, supporting women’s mental health in fitness necessitates intentional structural changes, increased representation, and a shift in cultural messaging toward body functionality, autonomy, and personal empowerment.