Hibiscus Sabdariffa, Clove, Ginger, Cinnamon: 'An Evaluation of Natural Remedies for Hypertension Parameters'

Food, herbal drinks, hot and cold beverages, food industry flavoring, and herbal medicine are among the traditional uses of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Hs, roselle; Malvaceae). In vitro and in vivo studies, together with a few clinical trials, provide the majority of the data for phytochemically poorly defined extracts. The extracts showed lipid metabolism (anti-cholesterol), anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive, nephro- and hepato-protective, and renal/diuretic effects in addition to their antibacterial and antioxidant qualities. This may be related to strong antioxidant qualities, inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase, suppression of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), direct vaso-relaxant actions, or regulation of calcium channels. The effects of hibiscus sabadariffa are likely mediated by anthocyanins (delphinidin-3-sambubioside and cyanidin-3-sambubioside), organic acids, and phenolic acids (especially protocatechuic acid).